Precancerous lesions of the cervix — aetiology, classification, diagnosis, prevention

The present review introduces the aetiology and classification of cervical precancers. The principles of diagnosis based on colposcopy are reviewed. The indications for colposcopy and targeted biopsy are steps in the diagnostic process of cervical precancers. Prophylaxis of these diseases prevents cervical cancer as high-grade precancerous lesions represent a direct precursor to cervical cancer. The basics of primary and secondary prevention, the types of screening, and the behaviour of the already-alerted patients after different screenings are presented.